V-structure

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In graphical models, a v-structure is a set of three nodes in a graph such that there are two converging arrows and the tails of the arrows are not connected by an arrow.[1][2] For example, is a v-structure.

The middle node in a v-structure is called a collider. (?)

Some authors seem to distinguish between a v-structure and an immoral v-structure. In this case, "v-structure" seems to only mean that there is a collision, and the "immoral" means the parents are not directly connected.[3]

Terminology

why is this thing called a v-structure? because it looks like a letter V if the two parents are drawn above the common child?

References

  1. Judea Pearl. Causality. p. 19.
  2. https://ermongroup.github.io/cs228-notes/representation/directed/
  3. Su-In Lee. "Bayesian Network Representation". University of Washington CSE 515, Statistical Methods, Spring 2011. p. 14 (slide 27). March 30, 2011. Retrieved September 21, 2018.